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Classification of Planetary Winds

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CLASSIFICATION OF PLANETARY WINDS The winds blowing almost in the same direction throughout the year are called prevailing or permanent winds. These are also called as invariable or planetary winds because they involve larger areas of the globe. On the other hand, winds with seasonal changes in their directions are called seasonal winds (e.g., monsoon winds). On an average, the location of high and low pressure belts is considered to be stationary on the globe (though they are seldom stationary). Consequently, winds blow from high pressure belts to low pressure belts. The direction of such winds remains more or less the same throughout the year though their areas change seasonally. Visualize Earth's Wind System Thus, such winds are called permanent winds. Since these winds are distributed all over the globe and these are related to thermally and dynamically induced pressure belts and rotation of the earth and hence they are called planetary winds. These winds include...
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Atmospheric Motion

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The horizontal movement of air is controlled by - Pressure Gradient force- This is the main driving force of global winds. This creates a wind from high-pressure, surplus areas to low-pressure, deficit areas. The closer isobars are together, the stronger the wind is. Coriolis force - This is the deflection of wind due to the Earth’s rotation. Deflecting right in the northern hemisphere and left in the southern, with an increasing effect towards the poles. It is not present in the equator. Geostropic wind - In mid-latitudes, the Pressure Gradient and Coriolis force are balanced. Therefore, air moves parallel to the isobars rather than from regions of high pressure to low pressure. Centripetal force- Air moving towards a low-pressure area in a defected path accelerates towards the centre of low pressure Frictional forces - Frictional drag from the Earth's surface decreases wind speed and modifies it's direction, crossing isobars as it moves from high-pressure regions ...
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